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Ahmad Surkati (; ; ''(:(ʔ)æħmæd bin mʊˈħæmmæd ælsurkɑtij)''; born 1875 CE) was the founder of the organization Jam'iyat al-Islah wa Al-Irsyad al-Arabiyah (''Arab Association for Reform and Guidance''), which later transformed into ''Jam'iyat al-Islah wal Irsyad al-Islamiyyah'', which is more commonly called as ''al-Irshad'' in Batavia, August 1915 . Many historians acknowledge ''al-Irshad'' role in the reformation of Islamic thought in Indonesia, but unfortunately his name is not mentioned in the discourse of Islamic thought in Indonesia. ==Early life== Ahmad Surkati was born ''Ahmad bin Muhammad Surkati al-Anshori'' in around 1875 CE in Udfu, Arqu island near Dongola town, Sudan. The word ''Surkati'' is taken from Dongolawi language meaning ''Many Books'' (''Sur'', books; ''Katti'', many), because His grandfather had a lot of books when he returned from study. It is believed that he was descendant of a Sahabah named ''Jabir bin Abdillah al-Anshori''. He came from an educated family; both his father and grandfather had studied in Egypt, with his father graduated from Al-Azhar University in Cairo. Surkati received his earliest education from his father and succeeded in memorizing text of al-Quran at young age. Ahmad attending ''Ma'had Syarqi Na'', an institute led by a distinguished scholar in Dongola. After completing his study at the Institute, his father wanted him to pursue education at Al-Azhar in Egypt as he had done. But the intention was never fulfilled, because Sudan was then ruled by the reign of al-Mahdi which was trying to escape from Egyptian ruling. The King of Sudan at the time, Abdullah al-Taaisha, did not allow the people of Sudan to travel to Egypt.〔 After completing his basic Islamic education in Sudan, He travelled to Mecca to carry out hajj in 1896 CE. Ahmad only briefly stayed in Mecca, then he moved onto Medina and later returned to Mecca. In Medina, He deepened his religious studies and Arabic literature for approximately four and a half years. Two of his famous teachers in Medina were two members of the original Moroccan muhaddiths, namely Sheikh Salih and Umar Hamdan. He also learned the Qur'an to Sheikh Muhammad al-Khuyari. He studied fiqh knowledge from two fiqh scholars at the time, Sheikh Ahmad Mahjub and Sheikh Mubarak an-Nismat (he mostly studied Shafi'i Madhhab), where for the Arabic studies, he learned it from a linguist named Sheikh Muhammad al-Barzan.〔 He lived in Hejaz for fifteen years in which more than eleven years he spent it in Mecca, where he received "mainstream" education with an emphasis on Hadith,〔 where He graduated from ''Darul 'Ulum'' in Mecca. Ahmad Surkati was the first Sudanese to earn the title of al-Allamah in 1326 AH.〔 His outstanding skills as scholar began to be noticed in around 1909 when he was awarded a distinguished teaching post in Mecca, a position he retained before He was invited by Jamiat Kheir and moved to Batavia.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ahmad Surkati」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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